Linux DHCP cannot get IP address (EM7430)

This is normal. It’s just Linux trying to be strict about USB interface numbering. Just a pointless warning which can be safely ignored.

dhclient does not support the qmi_wwan type of raw-ip interface. It can only work with ethernet (like) interfaces. You may have more success with e.g. udhcpc from BusyBox.

The MC/EM74xx has no 802-3 support, so changing the data format is not an option.

You can retrieve the IP config using QMI and congure the interface based on this instead of using DHCP. Try something like

qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wds-get-current-settings