# AMR Audio Stream Playback

**URL:** <https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441>\
**Category:** Open AT\
**Created:** [July 17, 2013, 10:28pm UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441 "2013-07-17T22:28:55Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 5\
**Page:** 1

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**Author:** ![Dagodevas](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/7feea3/32.png) [@Dagodevas](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/u/Dagodevas)\
**Post date:** [July 17, 2013, 10:28pm UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441/1 "2013-07-17T22:28:55Z")

</div>

I have been using a PCM audio stream to play back hard coded audio data. I would like to use AMR instead but any documentation I can find from SW is rather vague on the particulars.

AMR Data Structure:  
I am creating the audio data on my computer and saving it as a .AMR file at 12.2kbps sample rate (certainly beats 128kbps PCM). If I understand it correctly, I need to pull each frame from the .AMR file and strip off the first byte of each frame (which is the frame header) and then convert the binary to a u8 lookup table.

AMR Stream Playback:  
I would then start the audio stream and feed the buffer one frame at a time until the end of the “file”.

First question: Is all that correct?  
Second question: What the bleep is the mixed voice audio option?

Thanks y’all.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![litinghb](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/l/9f8e36/32.png) [@litinghb](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/u/litinghb)\
**Post date:** [August 14, 2013, 12:19am UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441/2 "2013-08-14T00:19:17Z")

</div>

1. You must keep the first CHAR(0x3c), it’s the AMR frame flag at that code-speed.and the frame-length should be 0x20 bytes.  
AMR file structure is simple: File head(6Bytes)+many many FRAMS(according to code-speed,frame char,frame length are fixed), more simple than MP3/WAV 😛 .
2. Data feed should use LowIrqHandlerOfPlay, In my situation,I did as that. but, I found sometimes some frames lost(In another device, I traced the stream Listened).How about yours?  
Happy that my words would help others.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![flu](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex025/user_avatar/forum.sierrawireless.com/flu/32/5130_2.png) [@flu](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/u/flu)\
**Post date:** [August 14, 2013, 8:06am UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441/3 "2013-08-14T08:06:15Z")

</div>

Hello,

To play an AMR file, you should:

- Set ADL\_AUDIO\_AMR\_SPEECH\_CODEC\_RATE to the codec rate.
- Set ADL\_AUDIO\_AMR\_BUFFER\_SIZE to the size of your file; this size is the AMR file size minus 6 if AMR-NB, minus 9 if AMR-WB.
- And then call adl\_audioStreamPlay.  
This way, it is not needed to split the file into several chunks of audio samples.  
The ADL interrupt IRQ low level handler will be called only 1 time, once the whole file would have been played.

Regards,  
flu.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Dagodevas](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/7feea3/32.png) [@Dagodevas](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/u/Dagodevas)\
**Post date:** [August 14, 2013, 3:55pm UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441/4 "2013-08-14T15:55:18Z")

</div>

According to the ADL User Guide:

> [@](#):
>
> Play AMR audio format  
> This function can play only AMR / AMR-WB audio file stored in RTP format (refer to  
> RFC4867 to get more information about RTP format for AMR and AMR-WB).

This RFC leaves out any mention of a frame header which is present in an AMR file. Therefore, it appears that the correct process would include stripping the first byte of each speech-data frame which is the frame header in the AMR file. Also, we are just sending audio data, so we strip the file header (6-bytes for AMR-NB) as well.

flu, you mention setting the AMR\_BUFFER\_SIZE. The ADL User Guide states the following:

> [@](#):
>
> ADL\_AUDIO\_AMR\_BUFFER\_SIZE  
> R: allows to define the buffer type to allocated for playing or listening to on an AMR stream,  
> defined in number of bytes (u32). By default, option is set to 0.  
> According to the selected codec rate, the buffer has to be defined with a multiple of one  
> speech frame size, “0” is not available (refer to adl\_audioStreamPlay to get more information  
> about buffer to allocated.  
> The option value has to match with size of AMR buffer which has been allocated. Otherwise,  
> AMR player (/recorder) risks not to work properly.

The “R:” meaning that it is a read-only parameter, but it seems fairly obvious that this is a typo and it should be set. This is different than playing back PCM audio as the PCM BUFFER\_SIZE parameter is read-only. I like the idea of setting the BUFFER\_SIZE to the entire audio data size. Certainly is much less overhead as long as I have the RAM.

I don’t like the idea of just “ignoring” the frame header byte and including it with my audio data because wouldn’t that throw off the frame alignment? The BUFFER\_SIZE must be set to a multiple of the speech frame size, and the AMR codec is expecting a very specific number of bytes per frame, and if you have one extra byte per frame stuck in there, bad things might happen. Am I wrong about this?

I do wish that Sierra Wireless would do a little better with their documentation. It is often vague and sometimes downright wrong.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![flu](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex025/user_avatar/forum.sierrawireless.com/flu/32/5130_2.png) [@flu](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/u/flu)\
**Post date:** [August 19, 2013, 10:59am UTC](https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/amr-audio-stream-playback/6441/5 "2013-08-19T10:59:35Z")

</div>

Hello,

I think the typo has been fixed in recent ADL User Guide.

Hereafter is given an example of AMR stream to be input to ADL Audio; it is working fine on my side.  
The rate is ADL\_AUDIO\_AMR\_RATE\_12\_20. As this rate is constant in my use case, only one header has to be removed ("#!AMR\n" = 23 21 41 4d 52 0a in hexa).

Regards,  
flu.

const u8 AMR\_Samples\_ringing\_tone[] = {  
/\*0x23, 0x21, 0x41, 0x4d, 0x52, 0xa, \*/  
0x3c, 0xb1, 0x27, 0x3e, 0xf8, 0x3a, 0x61, 0xc7, 0xec, 0xef, 0x80,  
0xdf, 0xf5, 0x64, 0x54, 0x71, 0x80, 0x0, 0x5b, 0xfd, 0x32, 0x63, 0xf2,  
0x2c, 0x0, 0x1, 0xb7, 0xff, 0xe9, 0x47, 0x5b, 0x10, 0x3c, 0xe0, 0x6f,  
0x5d, 0xb5, 0x33, 0x41, 0x83, 0x9e, 0x42, 0x81, 0x3c, 0xad, 0x26, 0x8d,  
0xf5, 0x20, 0xc6, 0x67, 0xa1, 0x9e, 0x1f, 0x12, 0x74, 0x77, 0x63, 0xbe,  
0x8a, 0xc4, 0xaf, 0x69, 0x0, 0x3c, 0x54, 0xed, 0x29, 0xe3, 0xb9, 0x9e,  
0xb, 0x5e, 0xb, 0x81, 0xff, 0x1f, 0xe6, 0x2b, 0x91, 0x88, 0x93, 0x58,  
0xdc, 0xf3, 0x73, 0xa5, 0xd7, 0x90, 0x46, 0x12, 0x30, 0x99, 0x9, 0xe2,  
0xd0, 0x3c, 0x8, 0x72, 0x78, 0xcf, 0x51, 0x36, 0x19, 0x7e, 0x1d, 0x5,  
0x8a, 0x51, 0xbe, 0x17, 0xa4, 0xe4, 0x78, 0x64, 0xc7, 0xb7, 0x95, 0xcf,  
0x85, 0x50, 0x5d, 0xbd, 0x4c, 0x84, 0xf6, 0x30, 0x30, 0x3c, 0xd8, 0x7c,  
0xa5, 0x4e, 0x5, 0x2c, 0x5, 0xbe, 0x14, 0x94, 0x3a, 0xe5, 0x68, 0xdb,  
0x3b, 0xe3, 0x39, 0xac, 0xc2, 0xef, 0xad, 0x77, 0x9, 0xd0, 0x6f, 0x41,  
0xb, 0x7, 0x87, 0xbb, 0xa0, 0x3c, 0xe1, 0xe, 0x7b, 0xbe, 0x0, 0x62,  
0x90, 0x7e, 0x19, 0x80, 0xaa, 0xe1, 0x68, 0x9e, 0x32, 0xdd, 0x2f, 0x62,  
0xe, 0x4, 0xc2, 0x11, 0x18, 0x76, 0x79, 0xa, 0x1d, 0xdf, 0x94, 0xd8,  
0x20, 0x3c, 0x44, 0xec, 0x79, 0xee, 0xa8, 0xd8, 0x35, 0xde, 0x5, 0x80,  
0x8a, 0x85, 0x3c, 0xed, 0x14, 0xe6, 0x56, 0x7c, 0x16, 0xa1, 0x45, 0x20,  
0x87, 0xa9, 0x85, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x7f, 0x94, 0x21, 0x70, 0x3c, 0xdf, 0xa,  
0x83, 0xd4, 0x89, 0xda, 0x80, 0x3f, 0xb, 0x53, 0xfa, 0xe3, 0x5a, 0x69,  
0x7d, 0xc0, 0xde, 0xe6, 0x68, 0x1d, 0x21, 0x81, 0x92, 0xe9, 0x54, 0xf3,  
0x1f, 0x9d, 0xa8, 0x84, 0xd0, 0x3c, 0xe0, 0x4a, 0x5f, 0x47, 0x84, 0x66,  
0x5, 0x7e, 0x17, 0x56, 0xb, 0xee, 0x30, 0x62, 0x42, 0x4d, 0x4f, 0xae,  
0xaf, 0x7e, 0x14, 0xbc, 0xaa, 0x7f, 0x26, 0x22, 0x58, 0x30, 0x7e, 0xfe,  
0xc0, 0x3c, 0x45, 0xf, 0x24, 0xcd, 0x8d, 0x9e, 0xd, 0x3e, 0x1d, 0x85,  
0x6a, 0x7, 0x6e, 0x1d, 0xa0, 0xf0, 0x81, 0x16, 0x78, 0xcd, 0xe8, 0xfe,  
0x2a, 0x57, 0x83, 0xf3, 0x73, 0x7d, 0xdb, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3c, 0xe0, 0x72,  
0x9f, 0x8e, 0xa8, 0xda, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0xa6, 0x5a, 0x34, 0x5c, 0x98,  
0xaf, 0xc1, 0x44, 0xdb, 0x3f, 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x79, 0x5, 0x42, 0x27, 0xca,  
0x57, 0x8f, 0x1d, 0xe6, 0x40, 0x3c, 0x1b, 0xa5, 0x28, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0xde,  
0x30, 0x5e, 0x17, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x45, 0xc7, 0xa1, 0xd2, 0xbe, 0x3e, 0x7a,  
0x23, 0x93, 0xf5, 0x22, 0xb9, 0x37, 0xbc, 0x2b, 0x2b, 0x75, 0x90, 0xd2,  
0xa0, 0x3c, 0xe0, 0xec, 0x9f, 0x8f, 0x51, 0x36, 0x5b, 0x9e, 0xe, 0xd5,  
0x9a, 0xce, 0x53, 0x80, 0xed, 0xf9, 0x53, 0x0, 0x9d, 0x7d, 0xcc, 0x5e,  
0x88, 0x71, 0xda, 0xc2, 0xc2, 0xf9, 0x2f, 0x82, 0x20, 0x3c, 0xd7, 0x12,  
0x5e, 0xff, 0x51, 0x39, 0xf, 0x7e, 0x1f, 0x81, 0xda, 0xd0, 0x8e, 0x77,  
0x69, 0xee, 0x8a, 0x3e, 0x46, 0xd8, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0xf7, 0xdb, 0x40, 0xb,  
0x7b, 0xf3, 0x23, 0xd9, 0x40, 0x3c, 0xe4, 0x76, 0x74, 0xb6, 0x0, 0x67,  
0x2c, 0x1e, 0x15, 0x80, 0x3a, 0xcd, 0xe3, 0x70, 0x36, 0x29, 0xad, 0x9b,  
0x2d, 0x92, 0x58, 0xc3, 0xf1, 0xe0, 0xf, 0x34, 0x3f, 0xdb, 0x6e, 0xd2,  
0x50, 0x3c, 0x90, 0xea, 0x5d, 0xc6, 0xa8, 0xcc, 0x17, 0x9f, 0xf, 0x81,  
0x3f, 0xb0, 0xdc, 0x9, 0xd3, 0xab, 0x16, 0x5d, 0x44, 0x7f, 0x1c, 0x78,  
0xe7, 0x6e, 0xa9, 0x62, 0x23, 0x81, 0x83, 0x6c, 0x90, 0x3c, 0xe0, 0x68,  
0x9b, 0x46, 0x0, 0x6c, 0x85, 0x3e, 0x1f, 0x81, 0x2a, 0xb8, 0x13, 0x55,  
0x19, 0xde, 0x44, 0x9a, 0xd, 0x57, 0x89, 0x0, 0x98, 0x9e, 0xb8, 0x5b,  
0xbd, 0xa2, 0x3a, 0xb4, 0x90, 0x3c, 0x58, 0xea, 0x81, 0x96, 0x0, 0x66,  
0xb6, 0x3e, 0x1b, 0x80, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0x76, 0x31, 0x54, 0x8b, 0x58, 0xe8,  
0x85, 0xf9, 0xb7, 0x32, 0x16, 0x93, 0x6b, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x29, 0x19, 0xbd,  
0xe0, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x72, 0x76, 0xfe, 0x0, 0x6c, 0x12, 0x5e, 0x1f, 0x80,  
0x58, 0x50, 0x5d, 0xf4, 0x15, 0x1e, 0x75, 0x4d, 0x1a, 0x25, 0xea, 0x9b,  
0x80, 0xf8, 0x49, 0xfa, 0x9b, 0x6b, 0x56, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x76,  
0x79, 0xfe, 0x0, 0x64, 0x98, 0x5e, 0x1f, 0x80, 0x1a, 0x50, 0x55, 0xc5,  
0x13, 0xd9, 0xc9, 0x89, 0x92, 0x34, 0x8d, 0x0, 0x63, 0xbb, 0xab, 0x6b,  
0x5d, 0xf1, 0x84, 0x2e, 0xf0, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x82, 0x79, 0x47, 0xf9, 0x98,  
0x1a, 0x7e, 0x1d, 0x80, 0x6b, 0xbd, 0x71, 0x15, 0x45, 0x67, 0xc6, 0x2e,  
0xe2, 0x39, 0x47, 0xa6, 0x39, 0x1a, 0xb8, 0x99, 0x3e, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0x98,  
0x80, 0x3c, 0x4b, 0x5, 0x24, 0xfe, 0x0, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x9e, 0x1f, 0x81,  
0x5f, 0x14, 0x56, 0xb7, 0x45, 0x80, 0xb8, 0x6a, 0xa1, 0x61, 0xf8, 0xc2,  
0xe, 0x75, 0x89, 0x4, 0xaa, 0x92, 0xc2, 0x1e, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x49, 0x5,  
0x1d, 0x8e, 0x0, 0x63, 0x24, 0xde, 0x1f, 0x80, 0x2b, 0x45, 0xd7, 0xd,  
0xd5, 0x5c, 0xeb, 0xd3, 0x43, 0xec, 0x3d, 0x4d, 0x34, 0xfb, 0x14, 0x11,  
0xa, 0xbf, 0xa3, 0xc8, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x42, 0x72, 0x63, 0xfe, 0x0, 0x66,  
0x16, 0x9e, 0xb, 0x80, 0x5a, 0xf, 0x67, 0x2e, 0x71, 0xec, 0x19, 0xf7,  
0x48, 0xb1, 0x4f, 0xb8, 0xed, 0x56, 0x26, 0x92, 0x63, 0x7a, 0x5, 0x68,  
0x90, 0x3c, 0x48, 0x76, 0x89, 0xa6, 0x0, 0x66, 0xf0, 0x9e, 0x1f, 0x80,  
0x5a, 0x24, 0xde, 0x9d, 0xdb, 0xe7, 0xb9, 0xd3, 0xf8, 0xcd, 0xab, 0xd3,  
0xc4, 0xc3, 0x36, 0xfa, 0x64, 0x53, 0x59, 0x7f, 0x70, 0x3c, 0x43, 0x4,  
0xa3, 0x96, 0x0, 0x65, 0x42, 0xbe, 0x1f, 0x80, 0x9a, 0x2, 0xc4, 0x56,  
0xbe, 0xf6, 0x40, 0xda, 0x71, 0xc8, 0x67, 0x4, 0xf2, 0x43, 0xf3, 0xc8,  
0xf0, 0x47, 0x4a, 0x2c, 0xa0, 0x3c, 0x48, 0xf8, 0x86, 0x8e, 0x0, 0x68,  
0x1f, 0x5e, 0xf, 0x80, 0x24, 0x59, 0x69, 0xc7, 0x2c, 0xd1, 0xf4, 0x17,  
0x57, 0x1b, 0x8b, 0xbf, 0x68, 0x51, 0xf4, 0x2, 0xed, 0x21, 0x66, 0x20,  
0x70, 0x3c, 0x52, 0xf6, 0x7a, 0xee, 0x0, 0x67, 0x87, 0x7e, 0x17, 0x81,  
0xb, 0x7c, 0xe8, 0x58, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0x6, 0x3f, 0x31, 0xf1, 0x8, 0x68,  
0x9, 0xa6, 0xec, 0xd, 0x90, 0xa7, 0x3d, 0xcc, 0xc0, 0x3c, 0x48, 0xf9,  
0x24, 0xb6, 0x0, 0x6d, 0xe0, 0x5e, 0xf, 0x80, 0xba, 0x8, 0xc0, 0x85,  
0x65, 0x2a, 0xc3, 0xe3, 0x1f, 0xe4, 0xa2, 0xd1, 0xfc, 0x49, 0x59, 0x43,  
0xa, 0xad, 0xc4, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x3c, 0xde, 0x5c, 0x76, 0xe6, 0x0, 0x66,  
0x97, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x80, 0xf7, 0x14, 0xc4, 0x94, 0xa3, 0x23, 0x61, 0x8b,  
0xf4, 0xaf, 0x41, 0x83, 0x55, 0x69, 0xc8, 0x1b, 0xae, 0x95, 0x2e, 0xaa,  
0xc0, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x74, 0x7a, 0xb6, 0x0, 0x67, 0x2c, 0x3e, 0x17, 0x80,  
0xda, 0x64, 0x8b, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xc0, 0xe9, 0x36, 0xb4, 0x9f, 0x15, 0xc8,  
0x4f, 0xba, 0x9f, 0x8d, 0x36, 0x4f, 0xae, 0xb3, 0xc0, 0x3c, 0xde, 0x83,  
0x6f, 0x8e, 0x0, 0x62, 0x79, 0x9e, 0x13, 0x81, 0x2f, 0xae, 0x2b, 0x76,  
0x62, 0xab, 0x9e, 0x57, 0xab, 0xc8, 0x2, 0x5c, 0x78, 0xd6, 0x58, 0x93,  
0x42, 0x33, 0x82, 0xb8, 0x80, 0x3c, 0x54, 0x7e, 0x7a, 0x96, 0x0, 0x66,  
0x5b, 0xfe, 0x17, 0x80, 0x6b, 0x54, 0xc4, 0xd3, 0x8f, 0x76, 0xb, 0x5,  
0x38, 0xdf, 0xe3, 0x57, 0x78, 0x98, 0x26, 0x3a, 0x73, 0x2b, 0xed, 0x9a,  
0x30, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x83, 0x69, 0x96, 0x0, 0x66, 0xb5, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x80,  
0xe8, 0xe0, 0xac, 0xda, 0xbb, 0x28, 0x84, 0x20, 0x9c, 0x50, 0xbf, 0xcf,  
0xc, 0x9b, 0xe1, 0xf3, 0xab, 0x6e, 0x32, 0xde, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x52, 0x90,  
0x7f, 0x96, 0x0, 0x66, 0xd3, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x81, 0xa, 0xf8, 0x6b, 0x98,  
0x8a, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0x92, 0x65, 0x43, 0x78, 0xfb, 0x7d, 0xd3, 0x73, 0xb1,  
0xb3, 0xee, 0x7d, 0x31, 0x10, 0x3c, 0x55, 0x5, 0x67, 0xb6, 0x0, 0x6e,  
0x1e, 0x5e, 0x1f, 0x80, 0x3a, 0x94, 0x4a, 0x28, 0x68, 0x2b, 0x1b, 0xa,  
0x63, 0xa9, 0xf2, 0xcd, 0xf8, 0x80, 0xa2, 0xd2, 0x5f, 0xf0, 0x97, 0x90,  
0x30, 0x3c, 0x53, 0x3, 0x5f, 0x96, 0x0, 0x67, 0x4a, 0x1e, 0xb, 0x81,  
0x25, 0x8e, 0x51, 0xbb, 0x89, 0xbd, 0x54, 0xce, 0xc8, 0x9d, 0xb, 0xa6,  
0xe1, 0x32, 0xfe, 0x6, 0x2c, 0xf4, 0x29, 0x39, 0x80, 0x3c, 0xe6, 0x7f,  
0x69, 0xb6, 0x0, 0x66, 0xc3, 0x9e, 0x17, 0x81, 0x5a, 0xd5, 0x14, 0x92,  
0x46, 0xf9, 0x30, 0x19, 0xdb, 0x9e, 0x7b, 0xa9, 0x67, 0x26, 0x4f, 0x40,  
0x7b, 0x5c, 0x11, 0x68, 0x80, 0x3c, 0x29, 0x16, 0x8b, 0x96, 0x0, 0x72,  
0x16, 0x9e, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x2f, 0x11, 0xac, 0x6, 0x64, 0x99, 0x9f, 0x11,  
0x44, 0x75, 0xa8, 0x25, 0xa9, 0x4f, 0xf3, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x84, 0xe8, 0x33,  
0xf0, 0x3c, 0xd9, 0x4, 0xa1, 0x8e, 0x0, 0x67, 0x87, 0xfe, 0x1f, 0x81,  
0xaa, 0xc, 0xe9, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0xe9, 0xaf, 0xca, 0xef, 0x9, 0x36, 0x2b,  
0x24, 0x2e, 0x85, 0x43, 0x6a, 0x8f, 0x13, 0xa5, 0x0, 0x3c, 0x3a, 0xf4,  
0x83, 0xe6, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x9e, 0xf, 0x80, 0x7a, 0x28, 0x7f, 0xce,  
0x3a, 0xe1, 0x99, 0xa7, 0xc0, 0xfd, 0x1a, 0x67, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0x6e, 0x2e,  
0x18, 0x27, 0x58, 0xdc, 0xb0, 0x3c, 0x48, 0xf8, 0x7d, 0xee, 0x0, 0x64,  
0x17, 0xde, 0x15, 0x80, 0xa, 0x5f, 0x47, 0x1c, 0x4c, 0xd8, 0x2a, 0x9f,  
0xf7, 0xd7, 0x28, 0x5f, 0x9, 0x26, 0x5d, 0x39, 0xc9, 0x44, 0x6a, 0xdc,  
0xf0, 0x3c, 0x44, 0xf4, 0x7b, 0x8e, 0x0, 0x67, 0xda, 0x9e, 0x1f, 0x80,  
0x3a, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xc4, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x67, 0xd5, 0x5c, 0xec, 0x5e, 0xe,  
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